Magnetics¶
The geomagnetic field can be ranked as the longest studied of all the geophysical properties of the earth. In addition, magnetic survey, has been used broadly in diverse realm e.g., mining, oil and gas industry and environmental engineering. Although, this geophysical application is quite common in geoscience; however, we do not have modular, well-documented and well-tested open-source codes, which perform forward and inverse problems of magnetic survey. Therefore, here we are going to build up magnetic forward and inverse modeling code based on two common methodologies for forward problem - differential equation and integral equation approaches.
First, we start with some backgrounds of magnetics, e.g., Maxwell’s equations. Based on that secondly, we use differential equation approach to solve forward problem with secondary field formulation. In order to discretzie our system here, we use finite volume approach with weak formulation. Third, we solve inverse problem through Gauss-Newton method.
Backgrounds¶
Maxwell’s equations for static case with out current source can be written as
where \(\vec{B}\) is magnetic flux (\(T\)) and \(U\) is magnetic potential and \(\mu\) is permeability. Since we do not have any source term in above equations, boundary condition is going to be the driving force of our system as given below
where \(\vec{n}\) means the unit normal vector on the boundary surface (\(\partial \Omega\)). By using seocondary field formulation we can rewrite above equations as
where \(\vec{B}_s\) is the secondary magnetic flux and \(\vec{B}_0\) is the background or primary magnetic flux. In practice, we consider our earth field, which we can get from International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) by specifying the time and location, as \(\vec{B}_0\). And based on this background fields, we compute secondary fields (\(\vec{B}_s\)). Now we introduce the susceptibility as
Since most materials in the earth have lower permeability than \(\mu_0\), usually \(\chi\) is greater than 0.
Note
Actually, this is an assumption, which means we are not sure exactly this is true, although we are sure, it is very rare that we can encounter those materials. Anyway, practical range of the susceptibility is \(0 < \chi < 1 \).
Since we compute secondary field based on the earth field, which can be different from different locations in the world, we can expect different anomalous responses in different locations in the earth. For instance, assume we have two susceptible spheres, which are exactly same. However, anomalous responses in Seoul and Vancouver are going to be different.
Since we can measure total fields ( \(\vec{B}\)), and usually have reasonably accurate earth field (\(\vec{B}_0\)), we can compute anomalous fields, \(\vec{B}_s\) from our observed data. If you want to download earth magnetic fields at specific location see this website (noaa).
What is our data?¶
In applied geophysics, which means in practice, it is common to refer to measurements as “the magnetic anomaly” and we can consider this as our observed data. For further descriptions in GPG materials for magnetic survey. Now we have the simple relation ship between “the magnetic anomaly” and the total field as
where \(\theta\) is the angle between total and anomalous fields, \(\hat{B}_o\) is the unit vector for \(\vec{B}_o\). Equivalently, we can use the vector dot product to show that the anomalous field is approximately equal to the projection of that field onto the direction of the inducing field. Using this approach we would write
This is important because, in practice we usually use a total field magnetometer (like a proton precession or optically pumped sensor), which can measure only that part of the anomalous field which is in the direction of the earth’s main field.
Sphere in a whole space¶
Forward problem¶
Differential equation approach¶
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}\mathbf{A}\mathbf{u} = \mathbf{rhs}\\\mathbf{A} = \Div(\MfMui)^{-1}\Div^{T}\\\mathbf{rhs} = \Div(\MfMui)^{-1}\mathbf{M}^f_{\mu_0^{-1}}\mathbf{B}_0 - \Div\mathbf{B}_0+\diag(v)\mathbf{D} \mathbf{P}_{out}^T \mathbf{B}_{sBC}\\\mathbf{B}_s = (\MfMui)^{-1}\mathbf{M}^f_{\mu_0^{-1}}\mathbf{B}_0-\mathbf{B}_0 -(\MfMui)^{-1}\Div^T \mathbf{u}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]
Mag Differential eq. approach¶
-
class
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.
Simulation3DDifferential
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
SimPEG.simulation.BaseSimulation
Secondary field approach using differential equations!
Required Properties:
counter (
Counter
): A SimPEG.utils.Counter object, an instance of Countermesh (
BaseMesh
): a discretize mesh instance, an instance of BaseMeshsensitivity_path (
String
): path to store the sensitivty, a unicode string, Default: ./sensitivity/None
solver_opts (
Dictionary
): solver options as a kwarg dict, a dictionarysurvey (
Survey
): a survey object, an instance of Survey
Optional Properties:
model (
Model
): Inversion model., a numpy array of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*, *) or (*)mu (
PhysicalProperty
): Magnetic Permeability (H/m), a physical property, Default: 1.25663706212e-06muMap (
Mapping
): Mapping of Magnetic Permeability (H/m) to the inversion model., a SimPEG Mapmui (
PhysicalProperty
): Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H), a physical propertymuiMap (
Mapping
): Mapping of Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H) to the inversion model., a SimPEG Map
Other Properties:
muDeriv (
Derivative
): Derivative of Magnetic Permeability (H/m) wrt the model.muiDeriv (
Derivative
): Derivative of Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H) wrt the model.
-
property
mu
¶ Magnetic Permeability (H/m)
-
property
muMap
¶ Mapping of Magnetic Permeability (H/m) to the inversion model.
-
property
muDeriv
¶ Derivative of Magnetic Permeability (H/m) wrt the model.
-
property
mui
¶ Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H)
-
property
muiMap
¶ Mapping of Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H) to the inversion model.
-
property
muiDeriv
¶ Derivative of Inverse Magnetic Permeability (m/H) wrt the model.
-
property
MfMuI
¶
-
property
MfMui
¶
-
property
MfMu0
¶
-
getRHS
(m)[source]¶ - \[\mathbf{rhs} = \Div(\MfMui)^{-1}\mathbf{M}^f_{\mu_0^{-1}}\mathbf{B}_0 - \Div\mathbf{B}_0+\diag(v)\mathbf{D} \mathbf{P}_{out}^T \mathbf{B}_{sBC}\]
-
getA
(m)[source]¶ GetA creates and returns the A matrix for the Magnetics problem
The A matrix has the form:
\[\mathbf{A} = \Div(\MfMui)^{-1}\Div^{T}\]
-
fields
(m)[source]¶ Return magnetic potential (u) and flux (B) u: defined on the cell center [nC x 1] B: defined on the cell center [nG x 1]
After we compute u, then we update B.
\[\mathbf{B}_s = (\MfMui)^{-1}\mathbf{M}^f_{\mu_0^{-1}}\mathbf{B}_0-\mathbf{B}_0 -(\MfMui)^{-1}\Div^T \mathbf{u}\]
-
Jvec
(m, v, u=None)[source]¶ Computing Jacobian multiplied by vector
By setting our problem as
\[\mathbf{C}(\mathbf{m}, \mathbf{u}) = \mathbf{A}\mathbf{u} - \mathbf{rhs} = 0\]And taking derivative w.r.t m
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}\nabla \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{m}, \mathbf{u}) = \nabla_m \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{m}) \delta \mathbf{m} + \nabla_u \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{u}) \delta \mathbf{u} = 0\\\frac{\delta \mathbf{u}}{\delta \mathbf{m}} = - [\nabla_u \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{u})]^{-1}\nabla_m \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{m})\end{aligned}\end{align} \]With some linear algebra we can have
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}\nabla_u \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{u}) = \mathbf{A}\\\nabla_m \mathbf{C}(\mathbf{m}) = \frac{\partial \mathbf{A}}{\partial \mathbf{m}}(\mathbf{m})\mathbf{u} - \frac{\partial \mathbf{rhs}(\mathbf{m})}{\partial \mathbf{m}}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}\frac{\partial \mathbf{A}}{\partial \mathbf{m}}(\mathbf{m})\mathbf{u} = \frac{\partial \mathbf{\mu}}{\partial \mathbf{m}} \left[\Div \diag (\Div^T \mathbf{u}) \dMfMuI \right]\\\dMfMuI = \diag(\MfMui)^{-1}_{vec} \mathbf{Av}_{F2CC}^T\diag(\mathbf{v})\diag(\frac{1}{\mu^2})\\\frac{\partial \mathbf{rhs}(\mathbf{m})}{\partial \mathbf{m}} = \frac{\partial \mathbf{\mu}}{\partial \mathbf{m}} \left[ \Div \diag(\M^f_{\mu_{0}^{-1}}\mathbf{B}_0) \dMfMuI \right] - \diag(\mathbf{v})\mathbf{D} \mathbf{P}_{out}^T\frac{\partial B_{sBC}}{\partial \mathbf{m}}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]In the end,
\[\frac{\delta \mathbf{u}}{\delta \mathbf{m}} = - [ \mathbf{A} ]^{-1}\left[ \frac{\partial \mathbf{A}}{\partial \mathbf{m}}(\mathbf{m})\mathbf{u} - \frac{\partial \mathbf{rhs}(\mathbf{m})}{\partial \mathbf{m}} \right]\]A little tricky point here is we are not interested in potential (u), but interested in magnetic flux (B). Thus, we need sensitivity for B. Now we take derivative of B w.r.t m and have
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}\frac{\delta \mathbf{B}} {\delta \mathbf{m}} = \frac{\partial \mathbf{\mu} } {\partial \mathbf{m} } \left[ \diag(\M^f_{\mu_{0}^{-1} } \mathbf{B}_0) \dMfMuI \ - \diag (\Div^T\mathbf{u})\dMfMuI \right ]\\ - (\MfMui)^{-1}\Div^T\frac{\delta\mathbf{u}}{\delta \mathbf{m}}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]Finally we evaluate the above, but we should remember that
Note
We only want to evalute
\[\mathbf{J}\mathbf{v} = \frac{\delta \mathbf{P}\mathbf{B}} {\delta \mathbf{m}}\mathbf{v}\]Since forming sensitivity matrix is very expensive in that this monster is “big” and “dense” matrix!!
-
Jtvec
(m, v, u=None)[source]¶ Computing Jacobian^T multiplied by vector.
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}(\frac{\delta \mathbf{P}\mathbf{B}} {\delta \mathbf{m}})^{T} = \left[ \mathbf{P}_{deriv}\frac{\partial \mathbf{\mu} } {\partial \mathbf{m} } \left[ \diag(\M^f_{\mu_{0}^{-1} } \mathbf{B}_0) \dMfMuI \ - \diag (\Div^T\mathbf{u})\dMfMuI \right ]\right]^{T}\\ - \left[\mathbf{P}_{deriv}(\MfMui)^{-1}\Div^T\frac{\delta\mathbf{u}}{\delta \mathbf{m}} \right]^{T}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]where
\[\mathbf{P}_{derv} = \frac{\partial \mathbf{P}}{\partial\mathbf{B}}\]Note
Here we only want to compute
\[\mathbf{J}^{T}\mathbf{v} = (\frac{\delta \mathbf{P}\mathbf{B}} {\delta \mathbf{m}})^{T} \mathbf{v}\]
-
property
Qfx
¶
-
property
Qfy
¶
-
property
Qfz
¶
-
projectFields
(u)[source]¶ This function projects the fields onto the data space. Especially, here for we use total magnetic intensity (TMI) data, which is common in practice. First we project our B on to data location
\[\mathbf{B}_{rec} = \mathbf{P} \mathbf{B}\]then we take the dot product between B and b_0
\[\text{TMI} = \vec{B}_s \cdot \hat{B}_0\]
-
projectFieldsDeriv
(B)[source]¶ This function projects the fields onto the data space.
\[\frac{\partial d_\text{pred}}{\partial \mathbf{B}} = \mathbf{P}\]Especially, this function is for TMI data type
-
Jtvec_approx
(m, v, f=None)[source]¶ Approximate effect of transpose of J(m) on a vector v. :param numpy.ndarray m: model :param numpy.ndarray v: vector to multiply :param Fields f: fields :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: JTv
-
Jvec_approx
(m, v, f=None)[source]¶ Approximate effect of J(m) on a vector v :param numpy.ndarray m: model :param numpy.ndarray v: vector to multiply :param Fields f: fields :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: approxJv
-
property
Solver
¶ Solver has been deprecated. See simulation.solver for documentation
-
clean_on_model_update
= []¶
-
deleteTheseOnModelUpdate
= []¶
-
classmethod
deserialize
(value, trusted=False, strict=False, assert_valid=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Creates HasProperties instance from serialized dictionary
This uses the Property deserializers to deserialize all JSON-compatible dictionary values into their corresponding Property values on a new instance of a HasProperties class. Extra keys in the dictionary that do not correspond to Properties will be ignored.
Parameters:
value - Dictionary to deserialize new instance from.
trusted - If True (and if the input dictionary has
'__class__'
keyword and this class is in the registry), the new HasProperties class will come from the dictionary. If False (the default), only the HasProperties class this method is called on will be constructed.strict - Requires
'__class__'
, if present on the input dictionary, to match the deserialized instance’s class. Also disallows unused properties in the input dictionary. Default is False.assert_valid - Require deserialized instance to be valid. Default is False.
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property deserializers.
-
dpred
(m, f=None)[source]¶ Create the projected data from a model. The fields, f, (if provided) will be used for the predicted data instead of recalculating the fields (which may be expensive!).
\[d_\text{pred} = P(f(m))\]Where P is a projection of the fields onto the data space.
-
equal
(other)[source]¶ Determine if two HasProperties instances are equivalent
Equivalence is determined by checking if all Property values on two instances are equal, using
Property.equal
.
-
make_synthetic_data
(m, relative_error=0.05, noise_floor=0.0, f=None, add_noise=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Make synthetic data given a model, and a standard deviation. :param numpy.ndarray m: geophysical model :param numpy.ndarray relative_error: standard deviation :param numpy.ndarray noise_floor: noise floor :param numpy.ndarray f: fields for the given model (if pre-calculated)
-
property
mesh
¶ mesh (
BaseMesh
): a discretize mesh instance, an instance of BaseMesh
-
property
model
¶ model (
Model
): Inversion model., a numpy array of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*, *) or (*)
-
property
needs_model
¶ True if a model is necessary
-
residual
(m, dobs, f=None)[source]¶ The data residual:
\[\mu_\text{data} = \mathbf{d}_\text{pred} - \mathbf{d}_\text{obs}\]- Parameters
m (numpy.ndarray) – geophysical model
f (numpy.ndarray) – fields
- Return type
- Returns
data residual
-
property
sensitivity_path
¶ sensitivity_path (
String
): path to store the sensitivty, a unicode string, Default: ./sensitivity/
-
serialize
(include_class=True, save_dynamic=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Serializes a HasProperties instance to dictionary
This uses the Property serializers to serialize all Property values to a JSON-compatible dictionary. Properties that are undefined are not included. If the HasProperties instance contains a reference to itself, a
properties.SelfReferenceError
will be raised.Parameters:
include_class - If True (the default), the name of the class will also be saved to the serialized dictionary under key
'__class__'
save_dynamic - If True, dynamic properties are written to the serialized dict (default: False).
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property serializers.
-
property
solver
¶ None
-
property
solverOpts
¶ solverOpts has been deprecated. See solver_opts for documentation
-
property
solver_opts
¶ solver_opts (
Dictionary
): solver options as a kwarg dict, a dictionary
Mag Integral eq. approach¶
-
class
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.
Simulation3DIntegral
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
SimPEG.potential_fields.base.BasePFSimulation
magnetic simulation in integral form.
Required Properties:
actInd (
Array
): Array of active cells (ground), a list or numpy array of <class ‘bool’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*)counter (
Counter
): A SimPEG.utils.Counter object, an instance of Counteris_amplitude_data (
Boolean
): Whether the supplied data is amplitude data, a boolean, Default: Falsemesh (
BaseMesh
): a discretize mesh instance, an instance of BaseMeshmodelType (
StringChoice
): Type of magnetization model, either “susceptibility” or “vector”, Default: susceptibilitysensitivity_path (
String
): path to store the sensitivty, a unicode string, Default: ./sensitivity/None
solver_opts (
Dictionary
): solver options as a kwarg dict, a dictionarystore_sensitivities (
StringChoice
): Compute and store G, any of “disk”, “ram”, “forward_only”, Default: ramsurvey (
BaseSurvey
): a survey object, an instance of BaseSurvey
Optional Properties:
chi (
PhysicalProperty
): Magnetic Susceptibility (SI), a physical property, Default: 1.0chiMap (
Mapping
): Mapping of Magnetic Susceptibility (SI) to the inversion model., a SimPEG Maplinear_model (
PhysicalProperty
): The model for a linear problem, a physical propertymodel (
Model
): Inversion model., a numpy array of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*, *) or (*)model_map (
Mapping
): Mapping of The model for a linear problem to the inversion model., a SimPEG Map
Other Properties:
chiDeriv (
Derivative
): Derivative of Magnetic Susceptibility (SI) wrt the model.model_deriv (
Derivative
): Derivative of The model for a linear problem wrt the model.
-
property
chi
¶ Magnetic Susceptibility (SI)
-
property
chiMap
¶ Mapping of Magnetic Susceptibility (SI) to the inversion model.
-
property
chiDeriv
¶ Derivative of Magnetic Susceptibility (SI) wrt the model.
-
property
modelType
¶ modelType (
StringChoice
): Type of magnetization model, either “susceptibility” or “vector”, Default: susceptibility
-
property
is_amplitude_data
¶ is_amplitude_data (
Boolean
): Whether the supplied data is amplitude data, a boolean, Default: False
-
property
M
¶ - M: ndarray
Magnetization matrix
-
fields
(model)[source]¶ u = fields(m) The field given the model. :param numpy.ndarray m: model :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: u, the fields
-
property
G
¶
-
property
nD
¶ Number of data
-
property
tmi_projection
¶
-
Jvec
(m, v, f=None)[source]¶ Jv = Jvec(m, v, f=None) Effect of J(m) on a vector v. :param numpy.ndarray m: model :param numpy.ndarray v: vector to multiply :param Fields f: fields :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: Jv
-
Jtvec
(m, v, f=None)[source]¶ Jtv = Jtvec(m, v, f=None) Effect of transpose of J(m) on a vector v. :param numpy.ndarray m: model :param numpy.ndarray v: vector to multiply :param Fields f: fields :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: JTv
-
property
fieldDeriv
¶
-
evaluate_integral
(receiver_location, components)[source]¶ Load in the active nodes of a tensor mesh and computes the magnetic forward relation between a cuboid and a given observation location outside the Earth [obsx, obsy, obsz]
INPUT: receiver_location: [obsx, obsy, obsz] nC x 3 Array
- components: list[str]
List of magnetic components chosen from: ‘bx’, ‘by’, ‘bz’, ‘bxx’, ‘bxy’, ‘bxz’, ‘byy’, ‘byz’, ‘bzz’
OUTPUT: Tx = [Txx Txy Txz] Ty = [Tyx Tyy Tyz] Tz = [Tzx Tzy Tzz]
-
property
deleteTheseOnModelUpdate
¶ list() -> new empty list list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable’s items
-
property
coordinate_system
¶
-
Jtvec_approx
(m, v, f=None)[source]¶ Approximate effect of transpose of J(m) on a vector v. :param numpy.ndarray m: model :param numpy.ndarray v: vector to multiply :param Fields f: fields :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: JTv
-
Jvec_approx
(m, v, f=None)[source]¶ Approximate effect of J(m) on a vector v :param numpy.ndarray m: model :param numpy.ndarray v: vector to multiply :param Fields f: fields :rtype: numpy.ndarray :return: approxJv
-
property
Solver
¶ Solver has been deprecated. See simulation.solver for documentation
-
property
actInd
¶ actInd (
Array
): Array of active cells (ground), a list or numpy array of <class ‘bool’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*)
-
clean_on_model_update
= []¶
-
classmethod
deserialize
(value, trusted=False, strict=False, assert_valid=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Creates HasProperties instance from serialized dictionary
This uses the Property deserializers to deserialize all JSON-compatible dictionary values into their corresponding Property values on a new instance of a HasProperties class. Extra keys in the dictionary that do not correspond to Properties will be ignored.
Parameters:
value - Dictionary to deserialize new instance from.
trusted - If True (and if the input dictionary has
'__class__'
keyword and this class is in the registry), the new HasProperties class will come from the dictionary. If False (the default), only the HasProperties class this method is called on will be constructed.strict - Requires
'__class__'
, if present on the input dictionary, to match the deserialized instance’s class. Also disallows unused properties in the input dictionary. Default is False.assert_valid - Require deserialized instance to be valid. Default is False.
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property deserializers.
-
dpred
(m, f=None)[source]¶ Create the projected data from a model. The fields, f, (if provided) will be used for the predicted data instead of recalculating the fields (which may be expensive!).
\[d_\text{pred} = P(f(m))\]Where P is a projection of the fields onto the data space.
-
equal
(other)[source]¶ Determine if two HasProperties instances are equivalent
Equivalence is determined by checking if all Property values on two instances are equal, using
Property.equal
.
-
property
forwardOnly
¶ The forwardOnly property has been deprecated. Please set the store_sensitivites property instead. This will be removed in version 0.15.0 of SimPEG
-
property
linear_model
¶ The model for a linear problem
-
make_synthetic_data
(m, relative_error=0.05, noise_floor=0.0, f=None, add_noise=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Make synthetic data given a model, and a standard deviation. :param numpy.ndarray m: geophysical model :param numpy.ndarray relative_error: standard deviation :param numpy.ndarray noise_floor: noise floor :param numpy.ndarray f: fields for the given model (if pre-calculated)
-
property
mesh
¶ mesh (
BaseMesh
): a discretize mesh instance, an instance of BaseMesh
-
property
model
¶ model (
Model
): Inversion model., a numpy array of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*, *) or (*)
-
property
model_deriv
¶ Derivative of The model for a linear problem wrt the model.
-
property
model_map
¶ Mapping of The model for a linear problem to the inversion model.
-
property
n_cpu
¶ The parallelized property has been removed. If interested, try out loading dask for parallelism by doing
import SimPEG.dask
. This will be removed in version 0.15.0 of SimPEG
-
property
needs_model
¶ True if a model is necessary
-
property
parallelized
¶ The parallelized property has been removed. If interested, try out loading dask for parallelism by doing
import SimPEG.dask
. This will be removed in version 0.15.0 of SimPEG
-
residual
(m, dobs, f=None)[source]¶ The data residual:
\[\mu_\text{data} = \mathbf{d}_\text{pred} - \mathbf{d}_\text{obs}\]- Parameters
m (numpy.ndarray) – geophysical model
f (numpy.ndarray) – fields
- Return type
- Returns
data residual
-
property
sensitivity_path
¶ sensitivity_path (
String
): path to store the sensitivty, a unicode string, Default: ./sensitivity/
-
serialize
(include_class=True, save_dynamic=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Serializes a HasProperties instance to dictionary
This uses the Property serializers to serialize all Property values to a JSON-compatible dictionary. Properties that are undefined are not included. If the HasProperties instance contains a reference to itself, a
properties.SelfReferenceError
will be raised.Parameters:
include_class - If True (the default), the name of the class will also be saved to the serialized dictionary under key
'__class__'
save_dynamic - If True, dynamic properties are written to the serialized dict (default: False).
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property serializers.
-
property
solver
¶ None
-
property
solverOpts
¶ solverOpts has been deprecated. See solver_opts for documentation
-
property
solver_opts
¶ solver_opts (
Dictionary
): solver options as a kwarg dict, a dictionary
-
property
store_sensitivities
¶ store_sensitivities (
StringChoice
): Compute and store G, any of “disk”, “ram”, “forward_only”, Default: ram
-
property
survey
¶ survey (
BaseSurvey
): a survey object, an instance of BaseSurvey
Magnetics Survey¶
-
class
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.
Survey
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
SimPEG.survey.BaseSurvey
Base Magnetics Survey
Required Properties:
counter (
Counter
): A SimPEG counter object, an instance of Countersource_list (a list of
BaseSrc
): A list of sources for the survey, a list (each item is an instance of BaseSrc)
-
property
components
¶
-
classmethod
deserialize
(value, trusted=False, strict=False, assert_valid=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Creates HasProperties instance from serialized dictionary
This uses the Property deserializers to deserialize all JSON-compatible dictionary values into their corresponding Property values on a new instance of a HasProperties class. Extra keys in the dictionary that do not correspond to Properties will be ignored.
Parameters:
value - Dictionary to deserialize new instance from.
trusted - If True (and if the input dictionary has
'__class__'
keyword and this class is in the registry), the new HasProperties class will come from the dictionary. If False (the default), only the HasProperties class this method is called on will be constructed.strict - Requires
'__class__'
, if present on the input dictionary, to match the deserialized instance’s class. Also disallows unused properties in the input dictionary. Default is False.assert_valid - Require deserialized instance to be valid. Default is False.
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property deserializers.
-
equal
(other)[source]¶ Determine if two HasProperties instances are equivalent
Equivalence is determined by checking if all Property values on two instances are equal, using
Property.equal
.
-
property
nD
¶ Number of data
-
property
nRx
¶
-
property
nSrc
¶ Number of Sources
-
property
receiver_locations
¶
-
serialize
(include_class=True, save_dynamic=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Serializes a HasProperties instance to dictionary
This uses the Property serializers to serialize all Property values to a JSON-compatible dictionary. Properties that are undefined are not included. If the HasProperties instance contains a reference to itself, a
properties.SelfReferenceError
will be raised.Parameters:
include_class - If True (the default), the name of the class will also be saved to the serialized dictionary under key
'__class__'
save_dynamic - If True, dynamic properties are written to the serialized dict (default: False).
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property serializers.
-
property
source_list
¶ source_list (a list of
BaseSrc
): A list of sources for the survey, a list (each item is an instance of BaseSrc)
-
property
srcList
¶ srcList has been deprecated. See source_list for documentation
-
validate
()[source]¶ Call all registered class validator methods
These are all methods decorated with
@properties.validator
. Validator methods are expected to raise a ValidationError if they fail.
-
property
vnD
¶ Vector number of data
Magnetics Source¶
-
class
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.
SourceField
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
SimPEG.survey.BaseSrc
Define the inducing field
Required Properties:
receiver_list (a list of
BaseRx
): receiver list, a list (each item is an instance of BaseRx)
Optional Properties:
location (
SourceLocationArray
): Location of the source [x, y, z] in 3D, a 1D array denoting the source location of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*)
-
classmethod
deserialize
(value, trusted=False, strict=False, assert_valid=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Creates HasProperties instance from serialized dictionary
This uses the Property deserializers to deserialize all JSON-compatible dictionary values into their corresponding Property values on a new instance of a HasProperties class. Extra keys in the dictionary that do not correspond to Properties will be ignored.
Parameters:
value - Dictionary to deserialize new instance from.
trusted - If True (and if the input dictionary has
'__class__'
keyword and this class is in the registry), the new HasProperties class will come from the dictionary. If False (the default), only the HasProperties class this method is called on will be constructed.strict - Requires
'__class__'
, if present on the input dictionary, to match the deserialized instance’s class. Also disallows unused properties in the input dictionary. Default is False.assert_valid - Require deserialized instance to be valid. Default is False.
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property deserializers.
-
equal
(other)[source]¶ Determine if two HasProperties instances are equivalent
Equivalence is determined by checking if all Property values on two instances are equal, using
Property.equal
.
-
property
loc
¶ loc has been deprecated. See location for documentation
-
property
location
¶ location (
SourceLocationArray
): Location of the source [x, y, z] in 3D, a 1D array denoting the source location of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*)
-
property
nD
¶ Number of data
-
property
receiver_list
¶ receiver_list (a list of
BaseRx
): receiver list, a list (each item is an instance of BaseRx)
-
property
rxList
¶ rxList has been deprecated. See receiver_list for documentation
-
serialize
(include_class=True, save_dynamic=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Serializes a HasProperties instance to dictionary
This uses the Property serializers to serialize all Property values to a JSON-compatible dictionary. Properties that are undefined are not included. If the HasProperties instance contains a reference to itself, a
properties.SelfReferenceError
will be raised.Parameters:
include_class - If True (the default), the name of the class will also be saved to the serialized dictionary under key
'__class__'
save_dynamic - If True, dynamic properties are written to the serialized dict (default: False).
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property serializers.
-
validate
()[source]¶ Call all registered class validator methods
These are all methods decorated with
@properties.validator
. Validator methods are expected to raise a ValidationError if they fail.
-
property
vnD
¶ Vector number of data
Magnetics Source¶
-
class
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.
Point
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
SimPEG.survey.BaseRx
Magnetic point receiver class for integral formulation
- param numpy.ndarray locs
receiver locations index (ie.
np.c_[ind_1, ind_2, ...]
)- param string component
receiver component “bxx”, “bxy”, “bxz”, “byy”, “byz”, “bzz”, “bx”, “by”, “bz”, “tmi” [default]
Required Properties:
locations (
RxLocationArray
): Locations of the receivers (nRx x nDim), an array of receiver locations of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*, *)projGLoc (
StringChoice
): Projection grid location, default is CC, any of “CC”, “Fx”, “Fy”, “Fz”, “Ex”, “Ey”, “Ez”, “N”, Default: CCstoreProjections (
Boolean
): Store calls to getP (organized by mesh), a boolean, Default: True
-
classmethod
deserialize
(value, trusted=False, strict=False, assert_valid=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Creates HasProperties instance from serialized dictionary
This uses the Property deserializers to deserialize all JSON-compatible dictionary values into their corresponding Property values on a new instance of a HasProperties class. Extra keys in the dictionary that do not correspond to Properties will be ignored.
Parameters:
value - Dictionary to deserialize new instance from.
trusted - If True (and if the input dictionary has
'__class__'
keyword and this class is in the registry), the new HasProperties class will come from the dictionary. If False (the default), only the HasProperties class this method is called on will be constructed.strict - Requires
'__class__'
, if present on the input dictionary, to match the deserialized instance’s class. Also disallows unused properties in the input dictionary. Default is False.assert_valid - Require deserialized instance to be valid. Default is False.
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property deserializers.
-
equal
(other)[source]¶ Determine if two HasProperties instances are equivalent
Equivalence is determined by checking if all Property values on two instances are equal, using
Property.equal
.
-
getP
(mesh, projGLoc=None)[source]¶ Returns the projection matrices as a list for all components collected by the receivers.
Note
Projection matrices are stored as a dictionary listed by meshes.
-
property
locations
¶ locations (
RxLocationArray
): Locations of the receivers (nRx x nDim), an array of receiver locations of <class ‘float’>, <class ‘int’> with shape (*, *)
-
property
locs
¶ locs has been deprecated. See locations for documentation
-
property
projGLoc
¶ projGLoc (
StringChoice
): Projection grid location, default is CC, any of “CC”, “Fx”, “Fy”, “Fz”, “Ex”, “Ey”, “Ez”, “N”, Default: CC
-
serialize
(include_class=True, save_dynamic=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Serializes a HasProperties instance to dictionary
This uses the Property serializers to serialize all Property values to a JSON-compatible dictionary. Properties that are undefined are not included. If the HasProperties instance contains a reference to itself, a
properties.SelfReferenceError
will be raised.Parameters:
include_class - If True (the default), the name of the class will also be saved to the serialized dictionary under key
'__class__'
save_dynamic - If True, dynamic properties are written to the serialized dict (default: False).
Any other keyword arguments will be passed through to the Property serializers.
Mag analytic solutions¶
-
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.analytics.
MagSphereAnaFun
(x, y, z, R, x0, y0, z0, mu1, mu2, H0, flag='total')[source]¶ test Analytic function for Magnetics problem. The set up here is magnetic sphere in whole-space assuming that the inducing field is oriented in the x-direction.
(x0, y0, z0)
(x0, y0, z0 ): is the center location of sphere
r: is the radius of the sphere
\[\mathbf{H}_0 = H_0\hat{x}\]
-
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.analytics.
CongruousMagBC
(mesh, Bo, chi)[source]¶ Computing boundary condition using Congrous sphere method. This is designed for secondary field formulation.
>> Input
mesh: Mesh class
Bo: np.array([Box, Boy, Boz]): Primary magnetic flux
chi: susceptibility at cell volume
\[\vec{B}(r) = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \frac{m}{ \| \vec{r} - \vec{r}_0\|^3}[3\hat{m}\cdot\hat{r}-\hat{m}]\]
-
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.analytics.
MagSphereAnaFunA
(x, y, z, R, xc, yc, zc, chi, Bo, flag)[source]¶ Computing boundary condition using Congrous sphere method. This is designed for secondary field formulation. >> Input mesh: Mesh class Bo: np.array([Box, Boy, Boz]): Primary magnetic flux Chi: susceptibility at cell volume
\[\vec{B}(r) = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\frac{m}{\| \vec{r}-\vec{r}_0\|^3}[3\hat{m}\cdot\hat{r}-\hat{m}]\]
-
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.analytics.
IDTtoxyz
(Inc, Dec, Btot)[source]¶ Convert from Inclination, Declination, Total intensity of earth field to x, y, z
-
SimPEG.potential_fields.magnetics.analytics.
MagSphereFreeSpace
(x, y, z, R, xc, yc, zc, chi, Bo)[source]¶ Computing the induced response of magnetic sphere in free-space.
>> Input x, y, z: Observation locations R: radius of the sphere xc, yc, zc: Location of the sphere chi: Susceptibility of sphere Bo: Inducing field components [bx, by, bz]*|H0|